One of the most significant and often utilised materials in both residential and commercial construction is glass. Its versatility and aesthetic appeal make it a go-to choice for different applications, from windows to interior design features. Whether replacing a window or choosing glass for a new design, you’ll probably come across these common options: float glass and tempered glass. However, how can you tell which one is best for you?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer here, and each type of glass has its strengths. Knowing these distinctions is essential to making a cost, durability, and safety-conscious decision.
In this post, we’ll examine the differences between tempered and float glass, assisting you in selecting the option that best suits your needs.
What is Float Glass and How Is It Made?
Float glass is a clear, distortion-free glass commonly used for windows and other applications. Its smooth surface and excellent clarity make it popular in architecture and design.
The process of manufacturing float glass is quite interesting. First, molten glass is poured from a furnace into a chamber that already contains molten tin. This method, known as the Pilkington Process, allows the glass to float on the surface of the tin, which helps it achieve a uniform thickness and a flawless finish. The conditions in the chamber are carefully controlled to ensure the highest quality.
As the molten glass spreads out, it can reach widths of 90 to 140 inches, with its thickness determined during manufacturing. The top surface, referred to as the air side, is polished with high heat, giving it a clear, shiny appearance. The bottom side, known as the tin side, remains unpolished.
Once the glass is shaped, it moves into an oven called a lehr, where it is slowly cooled in a process called annealing. This step is essential for relieving any internal stresses that may have developed during production. The cooling rate is monitored closely to ensure the float glass comes out as a smooth, continuous ribbon at room temperature.
After exiting the lehr, the glass is flat, with a polished top surface and smooth edges. Finally, automatic cutters trim it to the desired lengths, preparing it for various uses.
Pros and Cons of Float Glass
The following is a closer look at float glass’s pros and cons to help you decide if it’s the right choice for your project.
Pros
- High Clarity
Float glass is known for its outstanding transparency and light transmission, making it ideal for bright, airy spaces. Clear float glass allows natural light to pour in; hence, it is great for windows, skylights, and storefronts where clear visibility and aesthetics are crucial.
- Smooth Surface
The manufacturing process of float glass creates a perfectly smooth and distortion-free surface. The uniform surface is essential for high-precision applications, like mirrors and display cases, where visual accuracy is important.
- Versatility
Float glass can be easily cut, shaped, and transformed into various types, including tempered, laminated, frosted, and tinted glass.
- Cost-Effective
The float glass production process is efficient, making it more affordable than traditional glass-making methods.
- Durability
While float glass isn’t as robust as certain particularly treated varieties, like tempered glass, it’s still durable for daily use. It is resistant to typical environmental stresses including wind, minor impacts, and temperature variations.
- Recyclability
Float glass can be recycled multiple times without losing its quality, contributing to waste reduction and sustainable building practices.
Cons
- Safety Concerns
Unlike tempered glass, float glass isn’t designed to break safely. When it shatters, it can break into large, sharp pieces that can be dangerous to people and property.
- Prone to Scratches
While its smooth surface is attractive, float glass is more susceptible to scratches. To clarify, even minor contact with abrasive materials can leave noticeable marks.
- Brittleness
Due to its inherent brittleness, float glass is susceptible to cracking or breaking when subjected to extreme thermal stresses or sudden impacts. Without additional processing, like tempering or laminating, it may not be the best choice for high-stress environments, such as high-rise buildings or areas exposed to harsh weather.
- Limited Thermal Resistance
Unlike tempered glass, float glass has a lower thermal resistance. This can make it less suitable for environments with extreme temperature changes, such as windows in hot climates or areas near heat sources.
What is Tempered Glass and How Is It Made?
Tempered glass is a type of safety glass specially treated to make it stronger and more durable than regular glass. This treatment enhances its strength and also changes how it breaks when impacted. Instead of shattering into sharp shards, tempered glass breaks into small, blunt pieces, which helps reduce the risk of injury.
This glass is designed to withstand everyday use, making it a reliable option for various applications in homes and businesses.
The manufacturing process begins with standard annealed glass. First, the glass is placed on a roller table and moved through a furnace where it is heated to temperatures between 620 °C (1,148 °F) and 564 °C (1,047 °F). This high heat makes the glass more pliable.
Once it reaches the desired temperature, the glass is quickly cooled using forced air. This quick cooling strengthens the glass by creating internal stresses that enhance its durability. While the outer surface hardens quickly, the inner part stays softer for a short time, helping to maintain the glass’s overall integrity.
There’s also a chemical toughening method. In this process, the tempered glass is immersed in a molten potassium nitrate bath, allowing larger potassium ions to replace smaller sodium ions on the surface. This ion exchange creates a compressive layer that enhances the glass’s toughness and enables it to take on more complex shapes.
Whether made through thermal or chemical methods, tempered glass prioritises safety and durability, making it an excellent choice for various uses.
Pros and Cons of Tempered Glass
Below is a breakdown of the pros and cons of tempered glass to help you understand whether it’s the right choice for your needs.
Pros
- Safety
One of the biggest perks of tempered glass is its safety feature. When this glass breaks, it shatters into small, blunt pieces instead of sharp shards, which greatly reduces the risk of injury. This makes it an excellent choice for places like shower doors, tabletops, and homes with children or pets.
- Strength
Tempered glass door windows are up to four times stronger than regular glass. This impressive strength allows it to resist impacts, scratches, and thermal shock, which makes it suitable for high-traffic areas and surfaces that experience daily use.
- Clarity
This glass never loses its outstanding transparency, guaranteeing unhindered vision. It works perfectly for tabletops, display cabinets, and windows, among other applications.
- Heat Resistance
Tempered glass can withstand much higher temperatures than standard glass. This property makes it a great option for environments like bathrooms, where exposure to hot water is common.
- Scratch Resistance
Its surface is less prone to scratches, which is very helpful for durable items like dining tables and automobile windscreens.
- Versatility
Tempered glass is a versatile material that can be used in a wide range of architectural applications. It comes in a variety of thicknesses, colours, and textures.
- Easy to Clean
Tempered glass’s smooth, non-porous surface makes it easy to clean and maintain, as it doesn’t trap dirt or bacteria.
Cons
- Modification Limitations
Once tempered, the glass cannot be cut, shaped, or drilled. Any modifications must be done prior to the tempering process, which may limit the flexibility of the design.
- Prone to Chipping
Tempered glass door and windows can break easily at the edges when it falls. Even small accidents can damage the glass and alter its appearance, which could pose a safety risk.
- Higher Cost
Tempered glass typically costs more than regular glass, and this is mainly due to the additional processing it undergoes during manufacturing. Although the production costs are higher, many people believe the benefits of tempered glass make it worth the investment.
- Weight Considerations
Larger panels of tempered glass can be quite heavy, which requires strong support structures for installation.
- Visibility Issues
Sometimes, tempered glass can exhibit slight distortions or optical imperfections, especially in larger sheets. These issues can affect visibility and may not meet the aesthetic standards you’re looking for in certain applications.
Conclusion
Deciding between float and tempered glass depends on what you need and how you plan to use it. Float glass is known for its crystal-clear transparency and flexibility, making it an excellent option for windows, mirrors, and furniture.
Conversely, tempered glass is all about robustness and safety. It’s ideal for busy areas, kitchens, and cars because of its resistance to impacts and capacity to withstand temperature changes. Even though it’s typically more expensive, the extra security it provides often justifies the cost.
In the end, everything revolves around what suits you the most. Whether you like tempered glass’s robustness or the stylish looks of float glass, each has unique advantages. Contact us for more information and inspiration about gates, windows, and doors in Singapore.